Geology: Geology
derived from Greek Geo means Earth and logy means study. Geology is branch of
science which deals with scientific study of earth and the rocks which it is
compose, it also deals with the relationship between our Earth sun and solar
system etc.
Geology tells us about plate
tectonics, the paleo-climate, and the history of evolution of life. Geology
also helps us in the exploration of hydrocarbon, mineral, placer deposits and
extraction of water. It gives us a clear visual of natural hazard,
environmental problem and the changes in ancient climate.
Geology is majorly concern about Earth and its process . There are several disciplines or branches of
Geology which are mostly concern about hydrocarbons, minerals, hazards,
tectonic activities and other processes. The branches of Geology are such as
Tectonics, Petrology, Paleontology, mineralogy and straitgraphy etc these are
the main branches of Geology within these branches there are many more sub
branches.
Some of main branches are as
follow:
Tectonics: - The branch of Geology
that’s concern about the scientific study of movement of Plates at a large
scale. The plates float on the mantle, the movement of plates generates earthquakes in the earth
crust. The plate tectonics is the very important to study the nature of
Earthquakes.
This field helps to
understand the other disciplines of Geology such as Petrology, Structural
Geology, Stratigraphy, Geophysics, marine Geology and Geochemistry. Plate
Tectonics is use to understand how the continents and oceans, mountain ranges,
rift valleys and volcanoes are originates. It also helps us to find
hydrocarbons deposits and ore deposits.
Petrology: - It is the study about
rocks, origin and their composition. It has also a relationship between the sub
discipline of Mineralogy such as Optical mineralogy, Petrography to manipulate
the texture and the composition of rocks.
Petrology sub branches are Igneous, Metamorphic
and Sedimentary Petrology .Igneous Petrology concern about igneous bodies and
their compositions. The rock bodies formed from lava are called Igneous rocks.
Metamorphic Petrology is the study of rock how they are formed under high
temperature and pressure. Sedimentary Petrology is the study of Sedimentary
rocks their composition. They are very important for Hydrocarbons’.
Paleontology:- The
scientific study of ancient remains of living organisms. Paleontology is
intermediate product of Biology and Geology but different from Archaeology. With
the help of Paleontology fossils, their ages and their occurrence are studied.
It has various sub
disciplines:
Micropaleontology,
Paleobotany, Invertebrate paleontology, vertebrate paleontology etc .
Mineralogy:- scientific study of properties,
chemistry and Crystal Structure of Minerals. It is very important to know the
nature of rocks, because rock is aggregate of one or more minerals.
Modern mineralogy, Physical
Mineralogy, Chemical Mineralogy, Biomineralogy, Optical Mineralogy and Crystallography
etc are some disciplines of Mineralogy.
Stratigraphy:- is
a branch Geology deal with the layering of rocks “Stratification” or rock
layers “Strata”. It is mainly used to study about sedimentary and volcanic rock
beds and their correlations. Two subfields of Stratigraphy are
Lithostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy. This field deals with age, correlation,
depositional environments and bedding of rocks.
